Insulin like growth factors are proteins with sequence similarity to insulin that participate in the growth and
function of almost every organ in the body. IGF-1 is mainly secreted in the liver, stimulated by growth hormone (GH). Placental
GH stimulates maternal secretion of IGF-I. This study aimed to assess the role and expression of insulin like growth factor in
placental tissue in patients with GDM and its correlation to the fetal body weight, the concentration of IGF1in placental tissue
in healthy pregnancy and comparing it with patients with GDM. The study design consist of two groupn on diabetic group and
patients with gestational diabetes. Forty pregnant women at third trimester between (37-40) weeks 20 samples for each group.
The placental tissue samples from fetal, maternal and membranous parts were collected from mid-way between cord and
periphery and processed for routine histological tissue preparation and immunohistochemical expression of insulin like
growth factor 1(IGF-1). The macroscopical results of placenta of control group showed dark-blue reddish appearance, which
mostly regular oval-flat cake shaped, while the placenta of patient with gestational diabetes showed slightly larger flat cake
shaped oval placenta with no specific criteria of differences from control group. Placental weight increased in GDM group
compare with control group.Microscopic examination of normal placenta in control group showed different sizes of villi, these
villi are separated by intra villous spaces filled with blood. The villi was found to be lined by trophoblastic cells in two layers,
many darkly stained highly basophilic areas was seen in the villi representing the syncytial-knot. In GDM group, the villi
show dramatic changes both in size and shape been more cylindrical and elongated, the syncytial knot showed more aggregation
of darkly highly basophilic stained cells. Also increase in fibrosis and calcification compared to control group.
Insulin like growth factor1 (IGF-1) expression was localized mainly in the apical part of syncytiotrophoblast which was higher
in GDM group than control group. This expression were found to have higher significant (p<0.001) in maternal part (0.89±
0.009) pixel/ì2
than in fetal (0.79± 0.015) pixel/ ì2
and membranous part (0.83± 0.02) pixel/ ì2
in GDM group, while in control
group the (IGF-1) expression were found to be higher (p = 0.039) in membranous part (0.52 ± 0.022) pixel/ì2
than in fetal and
maternal part. In conclusion, its was found that IGF-1 expression in higher in GDM placental tissue than in control group and
there was a significal different between fetal and maternal parts.
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2020/8
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